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Northern snake-necked turtle
The northern snake-necked turtle (''Chelodina oblonga'') is a species of turtle in the Chelidae family or Austro-South American Side-necked Turtles. The species was described in 1841 from material collected during an expedition across northern Australia. The type location was restricted to Port Essington in the Northern Territory of Australia.〔Thomson S. (2000). The identification of the holotype of ''Chelodina oblonga'' (Testudines: Chelidae) with a discussion of taxonomic implications. ''Chelonian Conservation and Biology''. 3(4):745-748〕 The species has in recent years had several species of turtle synonymised with it,〔Georges, A. & Thomson, S. (2010). (Diversity of Australasian freshwater turtles, with an annotated synonymy and keys to species. ) ''Zootaxa'' 2496: 1–37.〕 the distribution includes northern Australia, Indonesia and Pitcairn. As a member of the sub-family Pleurodira this species is a side-necked turtle and also a snake-necked strike and gape predator. This carnivorous turtle will consume fish, tadpoles, hatchling turtles, worms, crickets, etc.
It is not an aggressive species with a biting defense. Individuals tend to flail to escape rather than bite. This species can be found not only in fresh water, but due to the proximity of the south New Guinea coast and close off shore islands, it also can be found in brackish water. ''Chelodina oblonga'' tends to hide under and between rocks and logs where possible or buries itself in the mud to act as an ambush predator to fish, amphibian, and invertebrate prey (Schnirel, 2008).
Sexual dimorphism is quite evident in this species. Females can be easily recognized by the very short, stubby tail.
==Taxonomic History==
This species has had a rather convoluted taxonomic history. Initially described in 1841 by John Edward Grey〔 it was later synonymised (as senior synonym) with ''Chelodina colliei''〔Boulenger, G.A. 1889. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History) London: Trustees of the Museum, 311pp.〕 and for many years northern and western Australia was believed to have a single species.〔〔Thomson, SA (2006). ''Chelodina rugosa'' Ogilby, 1890 (currently ''Macrochelodina rugosa''; Reptilia, Testudines): proposed precedence over ''Chelodina oblonga'' Gray, 1841. ''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature'' 63(3)〕 In 1967, the species was separated from the south-western Australian species but the name was incorrectly applied to that species with the name ''Chelodina seibenrocki'' applied to the northern form. Just eight years later it was found that the name ''Chelodina rugosa'' had precedence over ''Chelodina seibenrocki'' and for many years after this that name was used for this species.〔Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. and Cogger, H.M. (1983). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra. 313pp.〕 In 2000, it was found that the holotype of ''Chelodina oblonga'' was in fact a northern long-neck turtle and hence a petition was put in to conserve the now well established name of ''Chelodina rugosa''.〔 This petition to the ICZN was ultimately overturned with the direction to use the Principal of Priority to determine the names, hence the name ''Chelodina oblonga'' is the correct name for this species.〔ICZN. (2013). OPINION 2315 (Case 3351) ''Chelodina rugosa'' Ogilby, 1890 (currently ''Macrochelodina rugosa''; Reptilia, Testudines): precedence not granted over ''Chelodina oblonga'' Gray, 1841. ''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature'' 70(1):57-60.〕
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